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Urinary Tract Home Scan -
2 TEST, (Testmedica Diagnostic)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) Home Scan
This test checks for nitrite in the urine. A positive nitrite test usually indicates a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that invade the urinary system and multiply, leading to an infection.
UTIs are very common; approximately eight to 10 million people seek professional medical assistance annually for this disease. Women are affected more than men, although men and children can get UTIs. Approximately one woman in five will have a urinary tract infection in her lifetime. Most infections are not serious and can be easily treated with antibiotics. However, if left untreated, some infections can result in kidney damage and even death. This is why it is so important to seek appropriate medical treatment if a UTI is suspected.
There are three types of urinary tract infections:
- Urethritis is infection of the urethra
- Cystitis is infection of the bladder
- Pyelonephritis occurs when bacteria ascend up the ureters and infect the kidneys
Bacteria that enter the kidney through the bloodstream from an infected source in the body can infect from above the urinary tract, or a UTI can occur from below by bacteria entering the urethra and spreading upward. Infection from above is most often seen in newborn babies with a systemic infection known as sepsis. Infection from below is much more common. It is most often seen in small children and adults. Small children, still using diapers, have stool (which is largely bacteria) in close proximity to their urethra. The longer they sit in soiled diapers, the more likely the chance of infection. In addition, small girls are more prone to infection because they have a shorter urethra than boys.
Uncircumcised boys are more likely to get an infection than circumcised boys because bacteria survive in warm, moist areas like the area under the foreskin. When toilet trained, older girls may be more likely to get a UTI if they wipe themselves from back to front, because this can expose the vaginal and meatal area to bacteria which colonize the rectum, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, infections can be caused by Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Citrobacter, Streptococcus fecalis and, rarely, Staphylococcus aureus.
Sexually active teenagers and adult women are more prone to UTIs because of friction that occurs at the meatus during intercourse, which allows bacteria to enter and ascend the urinary tract. This problem can be avoided by urinating after sexual intercourse.
People with diabetes have a higher risk of infection because of changes in the immune system secondary to the high sugar concentrations. Any disorder that affects the immune system raises the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs may occur in infants who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as posterior urethral valves or vesicoureteral reflux. These conditions sometimes require surgery.
Many women suffer from frequent UTIs, which is defined as three or more culture-verified UTIs in one year. This condition is known as recurrent cystitis. Studies have shown that nearly 20 percent of women who have one UTI will have another, and 30 percent of those women will have yet another. Of the last group, 80 percent will have a recurrence. Usually the recurrent infection stems from a strain or type of bacteria different from the original UTI, which suggests a separate infection. Research indicates that one factor involved in recurrent UTIs may be the ability of the bacteria to adhere to cells lining the urinary tract. Additional studies have shown that women with specific blood types are more prone to UTIs.
Pregnant women are no more likely to develop a UTI than other women. However, if a UTI occurs it is much more likely to travel to the kidney and cause pyelonephritis. Two to 4 percent of pregnant women develop a UTI; this is believed to be due to the hormonal changes and a shift in the position of the urinary tract during pregnancy. These changes make it easier for bacteria to ascend the urinary tract and travel to the kidneys. For this reason many physicians recommend periodic testing of pregnant women's urine.
Symptoms
Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms, but most people get a least some. These include more frequent urination (the average person urinates six times a day) and dysuria, a painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or urethra during urination. Pain at the beginning of urination is usually associated with urethritis, whereas pain in the middle of urination is associated with cystitis.
It is common for a person with a UTI to complain that despite the urge to urinate, only a small amount of urine is passed. It may appear cloudy or even reddish if blood is present. In addition the urine may have a pungent, unpleasant odor. Often women complain of an uncomfortable pressure above the pubic bone and some men experience a feeling of fullness in the rectum.
It also is not unusual to feel bad "all over," with shaky, tired, flu-like symptoms. If a fever is present (greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 39 degrees Celsius) it usually means that the infection has reached the kidneys. Other symptoms specific to kidney infection include pain in the back or side (flank), nausea, and vomiting.
In young children and infants the symptoms of a UTI may be overlooked or mistakenly attributed to another condition. Symptoms in infants and young children include irritability, change in eating habits, unexplained fever that does not go away, urinary incontinence or change in urinary pattern, and loose stools.
When to Call a Healthcare Professional
- If symptoms worsen with home therapy or do not improve within 24 hours.
- If you have had a UTI that required treatment with antibiotics.
- If at any time any of the following apply:
fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 39 degrees Celsius
lower back pain, just below the rib cage
blood or pus in the urine
unusual vaginal discharge
nausea and vomiting
you are pregnant
you have diabetes mellitus
you have any heart or lung problems
you have a history of kidney stones, kidney infections or urologic surgery
your last UTI was within the past 8 weeks
you've had more than three UTIs in the last year
you have gone through menopause.
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Urinary Tract Home Scan -
2 TEST, (Testmedica Diagnostic)
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Urinary Tract Home Scan -
2 TEST, (Testmedica Diagnostic)
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Urinary Tract Home Scan -
2 TEST, (Testmedica Diagnostic)
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Urinary Tract Home Scan - is shipped in a discrete, unmarked package. Orders are processed immediately and usually take about 3 to 5 working days to be received. We do ask that you try it for 2 to 3 weeks to feel the full effects. Any information received is used only for order processing and shipping purposes. Your information, such as e-mail address, will never be disclosed to a third party.
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Urinary Tract Home Scan -
2 TEST, (Testmedica Diagnostic)
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